Scientific papers on IWRAP

Article: 
Frequency of Ship Collisions in the Strait of Messina through Regulatory and Environmental Constraints Assessment
F. Cucinotta · E. Guglielmino · F. Sfravara

ABSTRACT: 
The Strait of Messina is a very busy sea area that separates Sicily and the Italian mainland. In respect of environment and for the prevention of human loss, it  is fundamental to have an estimate of the possible ship accidents that could occur. In this work, the approach used is the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities Waterways Risk Assessment Program (IWRAP) model. 
The first part of the paper describes the local and global traffic and the separation scheme in the Strait of Messina. The model input data is obtained from the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) system thanks to the Coast Guard of Messina. 
The second part concerns calculation of the geometrical collisions (number of collisions in different scenarios) and the causation probability. This analysis is the basis for the discussion of new regulatory constraints due to the future realisation of new piers in the south and the planned unification of the two Port Authorities of the two shores into one single authority.

Article · Mar 2017 · Journal of Navigation

Conference Paper: 
Collision Risk Analysis of Chittagong Port in Bangladesh by Using Collision Frequency Calculation Models with Modified BBN Model
Mohammad Ehsan Khaled · Yasumi Kawamura

ABSTRACT: 
An updated accident database with 789 overall waterway accidents from 1981-2013 at Chittagong Port (CP) in Bangladesh shows around 48% accidents were collision. In this paper, collision risk in CP is analyzed by constructing collision frequency calculation models that are solved using IWRAP Mk2, software for maritime risk assessment modelling. 
Causation Probability is evaluated by a localized Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) model on HUGIN Researcher software and used as a direct input of IWRAP Mk2. Suggestion about modification of BBN model's output is given based on sensitivity analysis followed by an assessment of influence of a newly installed Risk Control Option (RCO) i.e., Vessel Traffic and Management Information System (VTMIS) on probability of collision. 
The validity of the developed model is shown by comparing between predicted collision probability and historical data. Close proximity between the database data and obtained value has been found regarding collision frequency, vessel types in collision accident, accident prone zones etc. that can be used as a reference for future decision making on safety standard upgrade of CP. 
Such analysis can be carried out on different ports and channels worldwide to calculate collision risk and ensure safety.

Full-text available · Conference Paper · Jun 2015 

Article:
Developing a Program to Pre-process AIS Data and applying to Vung Tau Waterway in Vietnam - Based on the IWRAP Mk2 program -
Xuan Thanh Nguyen · Young-Soo Park · Jin-Soo Park · Jae-Yong Jeong

ABSTRACT: 
The IWRAP program (Inland Waterway Risk Assessment Program) is a useful program for risk assessment of a waterway. However, in the basic version, the function which is used to import AIS data is not included. So users have to prepare the data and input to the program manually. And not all waterways have enough statistical data about passing vessels especially in developing countries as Vietnam. This paper studies the development of a program to pre-process AIS data for using the IWRAP Mk2 program basic version.
In addition, it provides users basic information about marine traffic in a waterway such as routes layout, number of passages at a gate classified by type, size and time.
The developed program, named TOAIS (Total AIS), was successfully used to pre-process AIS data collected in the Vung Tau waterway-Vietnam. As a result, the IWRAP Mk2 program basic version using data pre-processed from TOAIS could effectively assess the risk of collision in this waterway.

Full-text available · Article · Aug 2013 

Article: 
A Study on the Marine Traffic Assessment based on Traffic Distribution in the Strait of Malacca
Nguyen Xuan Thanh · Young-Soo Park · Jin-Soo Park · Tae-Goun Kim

ABSTRACT:
The Strait of Malacca is one of the most important fairways in the world and its traffic safety has direct effect on economic development of East Asian countries including China, Japan and Korea. Because of this reason, a safety analysis of the marine traffic in the strait has a great significance.
In this paper, we analysed the statistic distribution of marine traffic in the Strait of Malacca based on the vessels' AIS data for 1 month by using the TOAIS and EasyFit programs. 

As the results of the analysis, it was found that the traffic distribution of this strait was different with normal distribution, which had been still widely used in marine traffic engineering field. Furthermore, with the traffic distribution analysis results, the traffic safety of the strait was also assessed by using the IWRAP model.

The results showed that the highest level of risk were overtaking and crossing situations. Finally, we found that the highest risk of collision area in the Strait of Malacca was crossing area between the Strait of Malacca and the Port Klang fairway.

Full-text available · Article · Feb 2015 

Article:
A Quantitative Collision Probability Analysis in Port Waterway
Jung-Sik Jeong · Kwang-Il Kim · Gyei-Kark Park

ABSTRACT:
In terms of the maritime accident prevention, risk analysis at targeted warterways is important for planning safety waterways. 
This paper analyzes the maritime accidents probability in the Mokpo waterways, South Korea, based on the IWRAP(IALA Waterway Risk Assessment) of the quantitative accident probability tool. 
Vessel collision probability cate is calculated by vessels meeting direction, using IWRAP. 
This paper contribute to advance improvement of vessel traffic service by VTS sector providing vessel fairway risk data.

Article · Jun 2012 

Article:
Assessing the Frequency and Material Consequences of Collisions with Vessels Lying at an Anchorage in Line with IALA iWrap MkII
Hans-Christoph Burmeister · L. Walther · Carlos Jahn · [...] · Jens Froese

ABSTRACT:
This paper proposes a collision model for ships underway and temporary objects as an extension to state-of-the-art maritime risk assessment like IALA iWrap MkII.
It gives a brief review of frequency modeling's and consequence calculation theory as well as its applications, before it analogously derives a model to assess the risk of anchorage areas.
Subsequently, its benefit is demonstrated by an example scenario.

Article:
A Quantitative Marine Traffic Safety Assessment of the Vung Tau Waterway
Xuan Thanh Nguyen · Youngsoo Park · Jinsoo Park

ABSTRACT:
Marine traffic safety of the Vung Tau Waterway, from port limit to Ganh Rai Gulf, plays a crucial role in the economic development of the important triangular economic zone in the south of Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai Province, Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province. 
This paper uses the IWRAP Mk2 program to assess marine traffic safety and shows that in the area there are three parts of fairway have highest risk of collision (from buoys No. 8-9 to buoys No. 1-2 of the Song Dinh fairway; from buoy No. 0 to buoys No. 8-9 and from buoys No. 6-9 to buoys No. 8-9A of the Sai Gon-Vung Tau fairway) and the two areas have highest risk of grounding (the Vung Tau coastline from Ganh Hao to Sao Mai and an area in the Ganh Rai Gulf). 
In addition, the result of a questionnaire survey on a group of Pilots shows that wind, current and rain/fog have considerable negative effect to ship handling of large vessels in this area. 
This paper's results will be used in the further research to discover solutions for improving marine traffic safety in the Vung Tau Waterway.

Full-text available · Article · Dec 2012 
Full-text available · Article · Mar 2014 

Article: Comparison Analysis between the IWRAP and the ES Model in Ulsan Waterway
Dae-Won Kim · Jin-Soo Park · Young-Soo Park

ABSTRACT:
According to the Marine Traffic Safety Law, revised in 2009, Marine Traffic Safety Audit is introduced to secure the safe navigation, to prevent the marine accident and to maximize the efficiency of the port. 
In this audit system, marine traffic safety assessment is the most important scheme because the primary purpose of the audit system is to identify potential risk elements affecting safe navigation. 
Even though the reliability of audit result depends on the selection of assessment models, there are no independent assessment models for Korean coastal waters and most of models used in Korea currently are developed by foreign countries.
Therefore, the development of the independent assessment model for Korean coastal water is required.
This study, prior to the development of independent assessment model, aims to provide a basic data by comparing two foreign assessment models in Ulsan port area with marine accident statistics data.

Full-text available · Article · Jun 2011 

Article:
Application of Dempster–Shafer theory for the quantification and propagation of the uncertainty caused by the use of AIS data
Alejandro Talavera · Ricardo Aguasca · Blas Galván · Andrés Cacereño

ABSTRACT:
This paper proposes a novel method to quantify the uncertainty inherent to the paths that ships will navigate in the future, from the information provided by the AIS system on the paths followed by the ships in the past. In the framework of the Dempster–Shafer theory, the proposed method analyzes the information contained in a known distribution of vessel traffic on a waterway to construct the corresponding Dempster–Shafer structure.
From this structure, using the confidence limits of Kolmogorov–Smirnov, it is possible to estimate the evidential measures (belief and plausibility) of all possible distributions of traffic on that waterway.
The interesting facts of this proposal are that these evidential measures are, according to the probabilistic interpretation proposed by Dempster [1], the lower and upper bounds of an interval that contains future distributions of maritime traffic on the waterway under consideration.
Therefore, it can be concluded that knowledge of the traffic on a waterway in a given period allows delimit, with a certain confidence level, the uncertainty associated with the randomness of the trajectories that follow the ships during periods of equal duration.
The results obtained by the proposed method for the studied case of the Canary Islands are presented, showing reasonable agreement with the results obtained by the software IWRAP Mk2.

Article · Mar 2013 · Reliability Engineering [?] System Safety 

Article:
A Basic Study on Assessment Criterion of the Risk Factor for the Marine Traffic Environment
Chol-Seong Kim · Hong-Hoon Lee

ABSTRACT:
The representative risk evaluation techniques of the marine traffic environment are the FSA, PAWSA, & IWRAP. For the development of these techniques, the risk factors suitable to the marine traffic environment should be selected & the assessment criterion of the risk factors should be provided.
The risk factors were selected as the factors that relate both to the frequency of casualty & to the consequence of casualty because the risk was defined as the frequency of casualty times the consequence of that casualty on the existing techniques.
But, the risk factors relate to the consequence of casualty are excluded because the risk is defined as the sum of the risk factors including the frequency and the consequence by factors on this study.
The 20 kinds of risk factors to compose the risk are selected and classified into 5 categories according to similar nature through the analysis of preceding study on the classification of the risk factors.

Finally, as the foundation of risk assessment model`s development for domestic marine traffic environment, the practical assessment criterion of the risk factors are suggested

Article · Oct 2012 

Article: Analysis of marine accident probability in Mokpo waterways
Kwang-Il Kim · Gye-Kark Park · Jung-Sik Jeong

ABSTRACT:
The maritime risk assessment is important not only to evaluate the safety level of the ports and waterways but also to reduce potential maritime accidents at sea in terms of the proactive measures of the maritime accidents.
In this paper, the collision risk assessment in Mokpo waterways has been carried out based on the IALA recommended model, IWRAP. To evaluate the accident probabilities in Mokpo waterways, all data of vessels were collected from AIS and Radar observations data and the computer simulations were carried out.
To assess the risk on the traffic, the scenario-base approach has been applied to the Mokpo waterway by using the maritime accident statics over the past 5 years.

Full-text available · Article · Dec 2011